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History of The Belt System
Part 1 of this history is from the Tracy's Kenpo Karate Home Page
Part 2 of this history was written by Master Pat Munk
Part 1 (From: The Tracy's Kenpo Web Site)
One of the most common myths, told and repeated by many authorities, is that in the old days all students started by wearing white belts, which eventually turned brown from use and dirt and at some magical point it turned black. I don't know how many times I've heard this and it's not a bad story but all you need to do is look at the well-
Another misconception is that the belt system in the Martial Arts originated with Judo. This myths, has a grain of truth: most martial arts systems do copy their current belt systems from judo, but judo is not where the belt system originated. Professor Jigoro Kano developed Judo, The "Gentle Way", and he borrowed the ranking system in use at the Japanese public schools where belt ranks, obi in Japanese, were used by different athletic departments, most notably for ranking swimmers. The use of belt ranking for the swimmers is deeply rooted in Japan's martial arts mystique.
Belt ranking is done simply by numbering (counting). In the Kyu grades -
considered to be the highest rank.
The following is the original belt system that gave the world its first official standard.
Gokyu 5th Kyu, White Belt
Yokyu 4th Kyu, White Belt or Yonkyu
Sankyu 3rd Kyu, Brown Belt
Nikyu 2nd Kyu, Brown Belt
Ikkyu 1st Kyu, Brown Belt
Violet Belt, Purple in the Junior division was used for all boys below the age of 18, in place of the adult Brown Belt.
BLACK BELT
Dan, step or rank, -
Shodan 1st Dan, Black Belt
Nidan 2nd Dan, Black Belt
Sandan 3rd Dan, Black Belt
Yodan 4th Dan, Black Belt
Godan 5th Dan, Black Belt
Part 2 (By: Master Pat Munk)
As you can see, originally there were only three belt levels. White Belt, Brown Belt, and Black Belt levels. It wasn't until the early 60's that the White Belt ranks were divided into the different colored belt levels. Each style martial arts have their own version of how the colored belts are ranked. Therefore one needs to look at the Kyu ranking instead of the belt color, b1ecause a green belt in one system might be equal to a purple belt in another, and a blue belt might be equal to a green belt etc. The Kyu or Gup rank of the individual will be the true gauge to compare rankings below Dan Grades from style to style.
Most martial arts systems have also increased the number of Dan ranks also. Most systems now have 10 levels of Dan grades, with the 9th and 10th Dan levels usually held by the head of the system.
The western world has a different view on the grading system of martial arts. Most set their goal at attaining that coveted BLACK BELT! They seem to have lots of progress checks along the way in the form of lots of different colored belts or stripe after stripe on the belts to feel like they are progressing. An example of this is one brown belt we've seen at many tournaments had 9 stripes on his brown belt. It makes you wonder how many he has to get before he's able to get the black belt doesn't it.
Where did we loose track of training to improve ourselves and to learn to defend ourselves and not to get that next stripe of tape. The term McDojo is usually applied to those schools/studios that give lots of test and produce 4 to 10 year old black belts, or any black belts in 18 months or less. These tests are usually given every 3 months and cost start at around $25.00 and gets higher for each higher belt. Some schools will charge up to $1000.00 or more to take their black belt test and the cost goes up from there for higher levels of black belt.
Gichin Funakoshi, the father of Japanese karate-
Karate consists of a great number of kata and basic skills and techniques that no human being is capable of assimilating in a short period of time. Further, unless you understand the meaning of each technique and kata, you will never be able to remember, no matter how much you practice, all the various skills and techniques. To attain true proficiency in the art of karate, the Karateka must control his mind and conquer himself. Intuitive understanding cannot be taught, but is awakened in the karate student's mind after many years of dedicated training, discipline, and meditation.
Hachikyu -
The History of this belt comes from the Tracy's Kenpo Karate home page
This page contains a brief history of the Yellow Belt that dates to 1966, when the Tracy brothers introduced Hachikyu, 8th Kyu, as the first earned rank in Kenpo.
The history of the Yellow Belt begins in 1966 when the Tracy brothers introduced the new belt to Kenpo as Hachikyu (8th Kyu). The Yellow Belt rank was quickly adopted by Ed Parker, and later by Professor William K. S. Chow. It has since become a martial arts belt rank for karate and many forms of self-
Shichikyu -
The History of this belt comes from the Tracy's Kenpo Karate home page.
This page contains a brief history of the Orange Belt that dates to 1962, when the Tracy brothers introduced Nanakyu/Shichikyu (7th Kyu) as the first earned rank in Kenpo Karate.
The Orange Belt was introduced to the martial arts in 1962, when the Tracy brothers created (7th Kyu) in Kenpo. Prior to that time, the first earned rank in Kenpo Karate was Gokyu (5th Kyu). Gokyu required 63 techniques and the rank was represented by a half inch brown tip on the ends of the white belt. However, the Tracy brothers were the only ones who actually "required" a specific number of techniques for any Kyu rank below Nikyu (2nd brown), as Ed Parker often awarded one and two brown tips to students who knew fewer than 30 techniques, and even awarded Sankyu (3rd brown) to students who knew less than the 63 techniques that were supposed to be required for one brown tip. When the Tracy brothers opened their own Kenpo Karate school in 1962, they did away with the "brown tips" and introduced two new Kyu ranks. Orange Belt became the first earned belt and required 40 techniques. This was later changed to 30 techniques when Yellow belt was introduced in 1966. Orange belt established an intermediate rank what was previously the equivalent of one brown tip.
The new Kenpo Karate color belt system was not readily accepted by the Ed Parker, as he preferred to have a less strict ranking system. But he did add the two new Kyu ranks to his system and gave two more brown tips for his white belt ranks, even though there was no set standard for each brown tip, and gave Shichikyu as the name for 7th Kyu. However, while shish means seven in Japanese, it also denotes death, and the Japanese use Nanakyu in its place. In 1967, Ed Parker finally adopted the Tracy belt requirements along with the Tracy color belt system. Professor William K. S. Chow and most of Kenpo Karate and Kempo Karate began using the Tracy color belt system a few years later.
The 30 Orange Belt techniques are the basics for beginning Kenpo, and are used as an exercise for physical conditioning. While Ed Parker's American Kenpo Karate requires 24 techniques. Many of the orange belt moves have been adopted by aerobics, and Orange Belt techniques are the building block for confidence and self-
Rokkyu -
The History of this belt comes from the Tracy's Kenpo Karate home page
This page contains a brief history of the Kenpo Karate Purple Belt that dates to 1962, when the Tracy brothers introduced Rokkyu (6th Kyu) as the second earned rank in Kenpo karate to replace the one brown tip on the white belt.
Purple Belt was introduced to the martial arts in 1962, with the Yellow Belt, when the Tracy brothers created Rokkyu (6th Kyu) in Kenpo Karate. This was the second earned Kenpo rank, and was equivalent to what had previously been "one brown tip" on the white belt for Gokyu (5th Kyu). The old Kenpo Karate Gokyu had required 63 techniques while Purple Belt required 64. And while 63 techniques were the standard set by Ed Parker for "one brown tip" the Tracy brothers were the only ones who actually made it mandatory.
The techniques are the basics for beginning Kenpo, and some forms of karate, and are used as an exercise for physical conditioning. Like Orange Belt, many of the moves have been adopted by aerobics.
Gokyu -
The History of this belt comes from the Tracy's Kenpo Karate home page
This page contains a brief history of the Blue Belt that dates to 1962, when the Tracy brothers introduced an intermediate Kenpo Karate rank between one brown tip and two brown tips, to make Gokyu the third earned rank in Kenpo.
The Tracy brothers introduced Blue Belt to the martial arts in 1962, along with the Orange, Purple, and Green Belt, and made Gokyu the third earned rank in Kenpo karate. It became the 4th earned rank in Kenpo Karate when Yellow Belt was introduced in 1966 . Blue Belt was created as an intermediate belt rank between what had previously been one brown tip and two brown tips on the white belt. The old Gokyu, which was one brown tip had required 63 techniques, and the new Purple belt required 80 techniques, 40 for Orange Belt and 40 for Purple. In additionally each technique had an average of 2 variations. The number of techniques for each belt above Yellow, has been established at 30 + variations and forms. Blue Belt now requires a total of 184 techniques and variations.
Blue Belt had much to do with Ed Parker adopting the Tracy colored belt ranking in 1965, along with the Tracy belt requirements, as Tracy Blue Belts who visited Ed Parker's schools in the Los Angeles area were clearly better trained than most of his brown belts.
As Tracy's began to dominate the martial arts, Ed Parker would often award black belts to Tracy Blue Belts, and this became one of the factors in the eventual division between Tracy's and Ed Parker. The techniques for Blue Belt are the basics for beginning Kenpo, and are used as an exercise for physical conditioning. Like Orange Belt and Purple Belt, many of the moves have been adopted by aerobics.
Yonkyu -
The History of this belt comes from the Tracy's Kenpo Karate home page.
Green Belt was introduced to the martial arts in 1962, along with the Orange, Purple Belt and Blue Belts, and as Yonkyu became the highest rank before the Kenpo Karate Brown Belt. The old Yonkyu, which was two brown tips, no longer existed in Kenpo, as Ed Parker accepted the new Tracy Kyu ranking and gave 4 brown tips for Yonkyu, until adopting the Tracy Color Belt system in 1965. Green Belt required a total of 228 Kenpo karate techniques and variations as well as forms. Tracy Kenpo Green Belts were among the best martial arts competitors in the white -
Tracy Green Belt were often required to compete as black belts in tournaments. The techniques for Green Belt complete the basics for beginning Kenpo, and are used as exercises for physical conditioning. Like Orange Belt, Purple Belt and Blue Belt, many of the moves have been adopted by aerobics.
Sankyu -
The History of this belt comes from the Tracy's Kenpo Karate home page.
This page contains a brief history of this Kenpo Karate Kyu ranking.
Sankyu is the lowest brown belt rank in Kenpo Karate, karate and all martial arts that use the Japanese Kyu/Dan ranking. It is the first awarded brown belt and is the next rank above Green Belt. See Ikkyu for an explanation of Kyu ranking. The Japanese numbers 1, 2, 3, are ichi, ni, san, and therefore, Ikkyu (1-
Nikyu -
The History of this belt comes from the Tracy's Kenpo Karate Home Page
This page contains a brief history of the Kenpo karate Kyu ranking.
Nikyu is the second rank below black belt in Kenpo Karate, karate and all martial arts that use the Japanese Kyu/Dan ranking. See Ikkyu for an explanation of Kyu ranking. The Japanese for 1, 2, 3, is ichi, ni, san, and therefore, Ikkyu 1-
Below Nikyu is Sankyu, 3rd Degree Brown Belt. Kenpo Karate also uses the English words to avoid confusion but the Kenpo Karate belt rank for 2nd degree brown belt is always awarded as Nikyu, usually with the English equivalent next to it, or under it. Nikyu is a rank of skill and honor that can only be awarded by Kenpo Karate Yudansha, one who holds a Dan rank, who has received a Dan ranking from higher ranked Yudansha. The skill and requirements for Nikyu in Original Kenpo Karate are, therefore, higher than 2nd degree brown belt in American Kenpo, and represent the time honored tradition of the Japanese belt ranking that was the original ranking of Kenpo Karate in Hawaii.
Ikkyu -
The History of this belt comes from the Tracy's Kenpo Karate home page
This page contains a brief history of the Kenpo karate Kyu ranking.
Ikkyu is the highest rank below black belt in Kenpo Karate, karate and all martial arts that use the Japanese Kyu/Dan ranking. Kyu ranking, like a handicap, uses the highest number to indicate a lack of proficiency. Thus a Hachikyu (8-
Shodan -
The History of this belt comes from the Tracy's Kenpo Karate home page.
This page contains a brief history of the Kenpo karate Dan ranking.
Shodan is the first black belt rank in Judo, Karate and Jiu-
Instead of promoting Sullivan to Shodan, as he had with his previous 8 black belts, and as he did with the next 20 black belts, he promoted Sullivan to First Degree Black Belt. The Yudansha never approved that rank, except for youth, and those who are promoted to first degree black belt are not accepted into ranks of the Yudanshai. Likewise, tradition only allows for a Dan ranking according to Japanese numbering, and there is no First Dan in Kenpo. One either earns Shodan, or he/she is not a Yudansha, and his/her rank, no matter from where it came is not recognized until the individual receives his/her certification from the Yudanshai.
There are 421 Kenpo karate techniques and variations of the techniques required for a Tracy's karate Shodan, First Degree Black Belt.
Black Belt History
This History comes from the Tracy's Kenpo Karate home page.
Dan, step or rank, This is the first graded rank!
Shodan 1st Dan (Black Belt)
Nidan 2nd Dan Black Belt
Sandan 3rd Dan Black Belt
Yodan 4th Dan Black Belt
Godan 5th Dan Black Belt
Rokudan 6th Dan: Belt of Red and White Sections or Black Belt
Shichidan 7th Dan: Belt of Red and White Sections or Black Belt
Hachidan 8th Dan: Belt of Red and White Sections or Black Belt
Kudan 9th Dan: Red Belt or Black Belt
Judan 10th Dan: Red Belt or Black Belt
To fully understand and appreciate the oriental mind in relation to the Martial Arts you only have to look at the TRUE translation of SHODAN! To the western world, achieving SHODAN or 1st Dan Black Belt is the ultimate achievement. I have arrived, I am now a Black Belt. This after only 18 months.
How differently the Japanese look at Shodan. After years and years of training, usually starting as a youth, you are finally promoted to Shodan. SHODAN: Lowest Rank being the true translation! You are no more than a beginner. Only now, for the first time, may sensei consider you ready for training. True training only starts with the Shodan rank! That's why there are no young masters, except in the U.S.! Anyone with less than 20 years of training is considered a beginner in both China and Japan!
Promotion within the white and brown belts were loosely structured, with no requirements that a student make progressive steps. One could go directly from a white belt to 1st black belt assuming one had the skill. The thinking was very exact; you were either a ranked belt, black belt, or you were not. For all practical purposes a 1st brown belt held little more prestige than a 3rd brown belt. This was not true of the Dan ranks, where each advancement is made one step at a time. The Kodokan also established the minimum age for Shodan, 1st Black, as 16. And there were very few of them at that tender age, as there were no weight divisions!
The original belt ranks for females: those who hold Dan or Kyu grades in the girl's or women's division, corresponded to those of the boy's and men's division, using respectively the red, red and white, black, brown or violet purple belts, but with a white stripe running lengthwise through the center. This provision is no longer rigidly adhered too.
A separate woman's division was created in 1924. Women could achieve ranking in one of two ways: Randori, freestyle, or Kata there are nine official Katas.
As a rule, men advanced through the ranks by competing in a promotional Shiai where you were matched against men of your own rank or higher. You continued to fight until you lost. This testing procedure was used through the 4th and 5th Dans. From that point on age became a major factor and promotions were awarded based upon knowledge and dedication to the principles of Judo.